Your Free Guide to Assistance Programs for Mothers

Your Free Guide to Assistance Programs for Mothers

Introduction

Being a mom is one of the toughest jobs in the world, and sometimes, you just need a little extra support. Whether you’re struggling to afford groceries, need help covering rent, or want access to affordable healthcare for your children, there are government programs designed to help mothers of all kinds.

Programs like WIC, SNAP, Section 8 and more can all help make life a little easier for those who qualify. In this guide, we’ll cover what each program offers, the qualifications, how to apply, and more. Whether you’re a single mom, a working parent, or just going through a tough time, these resources can help you provide for your family and build a more stable future.

Keep reading to find out what support is available—and how to take the next steps toward getting the help you deserve.

WIC

The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program is a vital resource that provides nutrition assistance to low-income mothers, pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and children under five. WIC aims to ensure mothers and their children have access to the nutritious food needed to support healthy growth and development.

The WIC program offers a range of benefits designed to support mothers, infants, and children. These benefits are provided in three main categories:

Food Packages

WIC provides specific food packages tailored to the participant’s needs—whether you’re pregnant, postpartum, breastfeeding, or caring for young children. These food packages include items like milk, juice, whole grains, and infant formula. The amount of each food type is limited by “monthly allowances,” ensuring you receive the right nutrition for you and your child.

Nutrition Education

WIC offers nutrition education to help mothers make healthy food choices and establish healthy habits for their families. Participants can receive education in-person, online, or over the phone, with support tailored to individual needs. This helps ensure you and your child get the most out of your WIC benefits.

Breastfeeding Support

WIC provides breastfeeding support through various stages—from learning about breastfeeding before delivery to overcoming challenges during the breastfeeding journey. Services also include connecting mothers with peer counselors who can offer advice and support as they navigate breastfeeding.

These benefits aim to ensure that mothers have the necessary resources to nourish themselves and their children, promoting health and well-being for the entire family.

Eligibility Requirements 

To qualify for WIC benefits, mothers must meet certain criteria. The federal government largely sets the requirements, but some aspects may vary by state, territory, or tribe. Here’s a breakdown of the key eligibility requirements.

Income Requirement

WIC is designed to help low-income families. To qualify, your household income must fall at or below 185% of the Federal Poverty Line (FPL). Income limits consider the number of people in your household and cost-of-living adjustments for each state or territory.

For example, as of 2025, a family of 1 can earn up to $27,861 per year (or $2,322 per month) to qualify. A family of 4 can earn up to $57,720 annually (or $4,810 monthly).

For Alaska and Hawaii, income limits are higher due to the increased cost of living.

Age and Pregnancy Status

Women can receive WIC benefits based on their pregnancy or breastfeeding status, as well as the age of their child. Here’s how eligibility works:

• Pregnant women: Eligible during pregnancy and up to six weeks after giving birth.
• Breastfeeding mothers: Eligible up to one year after birth.
• Children: Eligible until they turn five years old.

This makes WIC a great resource for mothers during and after pregnancy, as well as for young children who need nutritional support.

Residency Requirement

To qualify for WIC, you must be a resident of the state or territory where you’re applying. You can apply as soon as you establish residency; there’s no waiting period after moving. For those living in tribal areas, the residency requirements may vary. Here’s what you need to know:

• Must reside in the state or territory where you apply for WIC benefits.
• No waiting period to apply after you move.
• If living in a tribal area, contact your local tribal council for specific residency information.

Nutrition Risk Requirement

All applicants must be considered at nutritional risk, which will be determined by a healthcare professional. This can include a variety of conditions that affect nutrition and health. Some common qualifying conditions include:

• Anemia (low blood levels)
• Being underweight
• Poor diet
• Pregnancy complications
• Advanced age of the mother

WIC ensures that mothers and their children receive the proper nutrition for healthy growth and development.

WIC’s PreScreening Tool

If you’re unsure whether you qualify for WIC benefits, you can use the PreScreening Tool to check your eligibility, found here: https://wic.fns.usda.gov/wps/pages/preScreenTool.xhtml 

It’s an easy way to assess your potential qualifications before applying. To use the tool, you’ll need to provide:

• Household income
• Number of people in your household
• Enrollment in Medicaid, SNAP, or other assistance programs

This tool helps determine if your family could benefit from WIC before proceeding with the official application process.

How to Apply

To apply for WIC benefits, you must schedule an appointment with your local WIC agency, whether in your state, territory, or tribe. During this appointment, a WIC coordinator will assess your eligibility and guide you through the application process. If approved, you’ll receive benefits to help you purchase nutritious food for yourself and/or your child.

It’s important to apply as soon as you believe you qualify. WIC serves women, infants, and children at various pregnancy and early childhood stages. 

WIC Certification Appointment

The WIC certification appointment is the first step to receiving benefits. This is a mandatory in-person screening at an approved WIC agency. All individuals applying for benefits must attend, including infants and children. Pregnant women can count their unborn child as an applicant during this process. 

What to Expect During Your Appointment

A WIC coordinator will verify your eligibility based on your documents and health information.

You will undergo a nutrition risk assessment performed by a healthcare professional (e.g., a doctor, nurse, dietician, nutritionist, or physician’s assistant).

You’ll be asked questions about your health and your family’s health, and your height, weight, and iron levels will be measured. The coordinator will use the information gathered to prescribe food packages, answer any questions, and provide nutritional education tailored to your needs.

Once the assessment is completed, the coordinator will inform you whether you qualify for the program and provide a verification of certification (VOC). You’ll be issued a WIC electronic benefits transfer (EBT) card if approved. This EBT card functions like a debit card and can be used to purchase approved food and nutritional items.

Your EBT card will be replenished with benefits at follow-up appointments typically scheduled every two to three months.

Information and Documents Needed for Your WIC Appointment

You’ll need to provide several key pieces of information and documents to verify your eligibility. Be prepared to present the following:

• Identity Information: Full names, dates of birth, and Social Security Numbers (SSNs) for all household members applying for WIC.
• Income Information: Income details for everyone in your household over the last 30 days, including wages, child support, alimony, and unemployment.
• Residency Information: Proof of where you live (e.g., utility bill, lease agreement).

Make sure to bring documents to verify your information. Below are the acceptable forms of documentation for each category:

• Proof of Identity (one per applicant):
  • Current, valid driver’s license
  • Birth certificate
  • Social Security card
  • Military ID
• Proof of Income:
  • Paycheck or pay stub
  • Tax return
  • Employer verification letter
  • Unemployment benefit documents
• Proof of Residency:
  • Utility bill
  • Rent receipt
  • Mortgage statement or signed lease agreement

WIC Waiting Periods

If your local WIC office is at full capacity, you might be placed on a waiting list. Priority is given to those most in need, including:

• Pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and infants with serious medical needs
• Infants whose mothers had serious complications
• Children with medical conditions
• Women and children at nutritional risk due to diet
• Non-breastfeeding postpartum women
• Homeless individuals or those with severe dietary problems

If you’re in a lower-priority category and the office is full, you may need to wait until space becomes available.

Learn More About WIC

For more detailed information about the WIC program, including eligibility, benefits, local contact information, and the application process, explore our WIC guide. Our full guide offers a deeper look into what you need to know to take full advantage of the support WIC can provide.

CHIP

The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provides low-cost health coverage to children in families who earn too much to qualify for Medicaid but can’t afford private insurance. For mothers, CHIP is a critical resource to ensure their children have access to annual check-ups, hospital visits, and other necessary medical services.

This program is designed to help bridge the gap, offering coverage for children up to age 19. CHIP gives mothers peace of mind, knowing their children are covered for essential healthcare needs without the strain of high medical costs.

• Automatic Coverage: Children enrolled in CHIP automatically receive dental and vision care coverage.
• Income-Based Eligibility: CHIP eligibility is based on family income, household size, and other factors, typically extending coverage to families at 200% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). Income limits vary by state or territory.
• Pregnant Women: In some cases, pregnant women may also be eligible for CHIP benefits.

CHIP is administered through your state or territory, and while the application process varies, it’s typically easy to apply online or through the Health Insurance Marketplace. Once approved, you’ll receive a CHIP enrollment card to access your child’s healthcare benefits.

CHIP vs. Medicaid

While both CHIP and Medicaid provide healthcare coverage for children, Medicaid is for families with lower incomes, with stricter eligibility limits. CHIP, however, offers higher income limits, making it accessible to more families.

Types of CHIP Programs

Each state administers CHIP differently:

• Expansion of Medicaid: Some states expand Medicaid to cover more families.
• Separate CHIP: Other states run CHIP as a completely separate program with commercial-like coverage options.
• Combination of Both: Many states use a mix of both approaches, combining Medicaid and separate CHIP options.

Nationwide CHIP Benefits

CHIP provides a wide range of essential healthcare services for children, including:

• Routine checkups and immunizations
• Prescription drugs
• Dental and vision care
• Doctor visits and emergency services
• Mental and behavioral health services
• Inpatient and outpatient hospital care

CHIP Dental and Vision Insurance

In addition to the essential health services, CHIP provides dental and vision coverage for children, ensuring that your child receives comprehensive care. These services are provided through CHIP-approved healthcare providers and are regulated nationally, although the specific services may vary by state.

CHIP Dental Insurance

Dental care is a critical part of overall health, and CHIP ensures that children have access to essential dental services, including:

• Regular teeth cleanings and fluoride treatments
• Routine dental exams
• Oral health screenings
• Orthodontics (including braces)
• Dental X-rays
• Fluoride treatments
• Oral surgery and sedation required for surgeries
• Teeth restoration and relief from pain or infections

CHIP Vision Insurance

CHIP also covers important vision services for children, helping to ensure that your child’s eyesight is well taken care of. Covered vision services include:

• Vision exams
• Diagnosing and treating vision defects
• Providing eyeglasses and replacement glasses for lost or broken pairs

This comprehensive dental and vision coverage is part of CHIP’s commitment to promoting your child’s overall health and wellbeing.

Eligibility Requirements

To qualify for the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), you must meet both nationwide and state-specific criteria. While the core eligibility requirements are standard across the country, each state or territory may have additional requirements, including income guidelines and waiting periods.

Nationwide Requirements

To be eligible for CHIP, you must meet these basic nationwide requirements:

• Age-Based Requirements: Your child must be 18 years old or younger.
• No other insurance: Your child must not have any other form of insurance and must be ineligible for Medicaid.
• U.S. citizenship or approved immigration status: You must provide proof of legal status (e.g., passport, permanent resident card).

Location-Specific Requirements

In addition to the nationwide criteria, each state or territory sets its own eligibility guidelines. To qualify for your local CHIP program, you must:

• Meet your state’s income guidelines.
• Provide proof of state residency (e.g., driver’s license, utility bill).
• Adhere to any state-specific waiting periods for CHIP coverage.

Waiting Periods

Some states have a waiting period before children can qualify for CHIP coverage. This means that the child must be uninsured for a certain amount of time before they can receive benefits. By law, the waiting period cannot exceed 90 days.

Coverage for Pregnant Women

While CHIP is primarily designed to cover children under 18, in some states, pregnant women and new mothers may also qualify for CHIP health insurance coverage. Here’s what you need to know about CHIP coverage for pregnant women:

CHIP Eligibility for Pregnant Women

Pregnant women may qualify for CHIP depending on the state. In some states, pregnant women can receive Medicaid; in others, CHIP provides the coverage. The following states extend full CHIP coverage to pregnant women:

• Colorado
• Kentucky
• Missouri
• New Jersey
• Rhode Island
• Virginia
• West Virginia

How CHIP Covers Pregnant Women

Under the Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009 (CHIPRA), certain states expanded CHIP coverage to include maternity services for pregnant women. States that offer full CHIP coverage will provide comprehensive care, including services unrelated to pregnancy. Maternity-related services covered by CHIP include:

• Prenatal care
• Labor and delivery
• 60 days of postpartum care

However, some states only provide maternity-related services (also known as CHIPRA benefits), covering only the pregnancy and child’s health. These states include:

• Alabama
• Arkansas
• California
• Connecticut
• Illinois
• Louisiana
• Maine
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• Michigan
• Minnesota
• New York
• Oklahoma
• South Dakota
• Texas
• Washington
• Wisconsin

If you’re pregnant and seeking health insurance coverage through CHIP, check your state’s eligibility rules to understand the specific benefits available to you.

How to Apply for CHIP

You can apply for CHIP at any time throughout the year. If you’re also applying for Medicaid, your Medicaid application will automatically be reviewed to check if your children are eligible for CHIP. This simplifies the application process for those who may qualify for both programs.

The specific application process can vary depending on where you live. States, territories, and tribal areas administer CHIP, so the application methods and required documents may differ slightly.

Required Information and Documents

When applying for CHIP, you must provide personal and financial details to determine your eligibility. Here’s a list of the most common document options and the information you’ll need:

• Proof of Full Name:
  • Social Security card
  • Driver’s license
  • U.S. passport
• Proof of Date of Birth:
  • Birth certificate
• Proof of Citizenship:
  • Passport
  • Permanent Resident Card
  • Certificate of Naturalization or Citizenship
• Proof of Residency:
  • Utility bill
  • Property tax statement
  • Rent receipt or mortgage documents
• Proof of Income:
  • Pay stubs
  • Bank statements
  • Tax returns
  • W-2 or 1099 forms
• Proof of Employment:
  • Pay stubs
  • Signed letter from your employer on official letterhead
• Proof of Relationship:
  • Birth certificates
  • Adoption papers
  • Marriage records

You must report all sources of income, including both earned income (like your salary) and unearned income (such as child support, Social Security, pensions, and unemployment benefits). This ensures that your household’s financial status is fully considered when determining eligibility.

Common Application Methods

The method you choose to apply may depend on your state or territory. Some common application methods include:

• Online: Many states have an online portal for CHIP applications.
• In Person: You can apply at local CHIP offices or health centers.
• By Phone: Some states allow you to apply or get help via phone.
• By Mail or Fax: In certain states, you can submit your application through mail or fax.

Check with your local CHIP office for the specific methods available in your area. The state or territory where you live will provide the necessary forms and instructions.

What Does CHIP Cost?

The cost of CHIP varies depending on where you live. In some states, you may need to pay copayments for medical services or a monthly premium to stay enrolled in the program. Here’s a breakdown of the costs and what you can expect:

• Copayments: This is a fixed amount you pay each time you receive a specific medical service, such as a doctor’s visit or prescription. Some states may charge different amounts based on your income or the type of service you receive.
• Premiums: Some states require families to pay a monthly or annual premium to maintain CHIP coverage. The premium amounts are generally based on income, household size, and the number of children enrolled.

By law, families enrolled in CHIP cannot pay more than 5% of their income toward medical services. This ensures the program remains affordable for those who need it most.

While these costs can vary, CHIP is still designed to make healthcare affordable for families. For more detailed information on specific costs in your state, please refer to our CHIP guide or contact your local CHIP office.

CHIP Costs for Native Americans and Alaska Natives

If you are a Native American or Alaska Native belonging to a federally recognized tribe, you are exempt from out-of-pocket costs, including:

• Copayments
• Premiums
• Enrollment fees

To qualify for these waivers, you must verify your tribal status. 

Section 8

Section 8, also known as the Housing Choice Voucher Program, is a vital resource designed to help families, particularly those with low income, seniors, and individuals with disabilities, find safe and affordable housing.

This program is especially beneficial for mothers struggling to find affordable housing for their families. Section 8 makes it easier for mothers to provide their children with a stable home by offering rental assistance.

Through the program, families receive a voucher that helps cover the cost of rent, with HUD paying a portion directly to the landlord. The family then pays the remaining rent amount, making it more manageable for those with limited income to access quality housing.

Types of Section 8 Assistance: Tenant-Based vs. Project-Based Vouchers

When it comes to Section 8, there are two main types of assistance:

• Tenant-Based Assistance: This allows families to find their own housing unit. The voucher is tied to the family, meaning they can move to another unit and continue receiving the subsidy.
• Project-Based Assistance: Rental assistance is tied to a specific housing unit. If you move out, you lose the assistance.

Each type has its benefits, and many Public Housing Agencies (PHAs) combine waiting lists for both types. However, you don’t need to apply separately for each type. Once your name is on the waiting list, the PHA will offer you a spot for both types of assistance.

Section 8 vs. Public Housing: What’s the Difference?

Section 8 and Public Housing are both programs overseen by HUD but have significant differences:

• Public Housing: These units are owned by HUD, and the PHA acts as the landlord. Families pay rent directly to the PHA, which offers lower-than-market rates.
• Section 8 Housing: Vouchers are used to rent privately owned units, and landlords enter into contracts with PHAs to accept the vouchers.

For many mothers, the flexibility of Section 8 in terms of choosing where to live is a significant advantage, especially if they need to move for work or family reasons.

Eligibility Requirements

To qualify for Section 8 assistance, your family must meet specific eligibility requirements. While each Public Housing Authority (PHA) determines its own application criteria, there are national standards set by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) that apply to all PHAs.

Nationwide Eligibility Requirements

To be eligible for Section 8, you must meet these basic conditions:

• Citizenship Status: Applicants must be U.S. citizens or have eligible immigration status.
• Social Security Number: At least one person in the household must have a Social Security Number (SSN).
• Income: Families must meet the “very low-income” limit, which is 50% of the median income in their chosen area.
• Asset Limitation: Families cannot have assets over asset limits, and the amount may vary annually.

Additional Eligibility Factors

In addition to the national requirements, PHAs consider the following when determining eligibility:

• Criminal and Drug History: A PHA may disqualify applicants with certain criminal activity or a history of drug-related offenses.
• Family Status: HUD defines “family” as any group of individuals living together, whether related or not. Family status includes categories like elderly, disabled, or displaced families.
• Residency: You don’t need to be a state resident to apply, but PHAs may prioritize local applicants.

These eligibility guidelines help ensure that the Section 8 program assists those who truly need housing support, offering flexibility based on your family’s circumstances. Whether you are a single mom, a mother in a large household, or a mother with a disability, the Section 8 program works to provide safe, affordable housing for families in need.

How to Apply for Section 8

The first step to applying for Section 8 housing is filling out an application. This step is essential for determining whether you are eligible for the program, and collects information such as: 

• Your address: The location of your current residence.
• Income details: You’ll need to provide a comprehensive breakdown of your income sources, including pay stubs, benefits, and any other financial support.
• Childcare and medical expenses: Information on any relevant expenses can be included to reduce your total income for eligibility purposes.
• History of past evictions or criminal activity: PHAs may conduct a background check to assess whether there’s a history of criminal activity, particularly drug-related offenses or evictions from federally assisted housing.
• Family members’ details: Information on dependents, elderly family members, or any household members with disabilities. This will help determine the needs of your household and may impact your eligibility and the type of assistance you will receive.

This pre-application will not guarantee that you receive housing assistance, but it helps the Public Housing Authority (PHA) assess your eligibility and determine if you should be added to their waiting list.

Common Application Methods

The method of applying for Section 8 housing may vary depending on the Public Housing Authority (PHA) through which you are applying. Common application methods include:

• Online applications: Many PHAs allow you to submit your application electronically via their website, which is often the most convenient method.
• In-person submissions: If online access is unavailable or preferred, you can complete and submit your application in person at the local PHA office.
• By phone: Some PHAs provide the option to apply over the phone, especially for pre-applications or simple inquiries.
• By mail or fax: In some areas, applications can be submitted via traditional mail or fax.

Make sure to check with your local PHA for the preferred or available application methods. Be sure to submit all required documents and follow the instructions carefully to avoid any delays.

Waiting Lists: What Happens After You Apply

After you submit your pre-application, if you’re deemed eligible, you’ll likely be placed on a waiting list. PHAs can have long waiting periods, and how quickly you’re selected will depend on local circumstances and preferences. Waiting lists may be opened periodically, and your PHA will typically announce when they are accepting new applications via:

• Local newspapers
• TV and radio broadcasts
• Flyers at community centers like libraries and schools

If the waiting list is closed for your PHA, you can still apply to other nearby PHAs that may have an open list. It’s not uncommon to apply to multiple PHAs simultaneously to increase your chances of getting assistance.

Local Preferences: Why They Matter

Most PHAs prioritize applicants based on local preferences, which can impact your position on the waiting list. These preferences typically prioritize families with urgent housing needs. Some common local preferences include:

• Homelessness: Families who are currently without housing.
• Disability: Households with a member who is elderly, disabled, or has special needs.
• Domestic violence survivors: Victims who need housing for safety reasons.
• Living in substandard housing: Families in unsafe or unhealthy living conditions.
• Veterans: Former military personnel who require housing assistance.
• Local residency: Families who currently live in the area, especially those living in substandard conditions.

Your local PHA might prioritize you based on one or more of these factors. For example, disabled families or victims of domestic violence may be prioritized, ensuring they receive housing assistance more quickly.

Receiving A Housing Voucher

After you have been approved for the Section 8 program, you’ll be issued your housing choice voucher. The voucher is the key to securing affordable housing. You’ll also be given:

• The maximum rent assistance available to your family
• The length of time your voucher is valid (typically for a year)
• Instructions on how to find an eligible landlord or property
• A guide on how to continue receiving benefits if you move or if your family’s situation changes

Where Can You Use a Section 8 Voucher?

As a mother, finding safe and affordable housing for your family is a top priority. With a Section 8 voucher, you have the flexibility to choose housing that fits your needs, whether it’s an apartment, townhouse, or single-family home.

Eligible Housing Types 

You can use your Section 8 voucher in many types of rental properties available on the open market. Some examples include:

• Apartments
• Townhomes
• Single-family homes
• Duplexes
• Condominiums

Ineligible Housing Types

There are certain housing types where you cannot use your Section 8 voucher, including:

• Nursing homes, care homes, or facilities offering psychiatric, nursing, or medical care
• Housing units owned by the person renting it out (owner-occupied)
• College dormitories
• Prison or reformatory units
• Public housing units
• Any property already receiving federal subsidies, like project-based assistance

How Do PHA Jurisdictions Affect Where I Can Use My Voucher?

When you first begin receiving Section 8 assistance, your Public Housing Authority (PHA) may require you to choose a unit within their specific service area, called a jurisdiction.

If you’re new to the Section 8 program, there are some important rules to know:

• If you apply within your current jurisdiction: You can choose a unit anywhere in the country right from the start.
• If you apply in a new jurisdiction: For your first year, you’ll need to choose a unit within that jurisdiction. After 12 months, you’re allowed to move to another area, as long as you notify your PHA and they approve the move.

These regulations help keep the process organized while ensuring you find housing within the boundaries of your PHA’s services.

Can a Landlord Refuse to Accept Section 8 Vouchers?

It’s important to know your rights when searching for housing. While HUD does not specifically prohibit landlords from refusing Section 8 tenants, many states, counties, and cities have anti-discrimination laws that protect people using Section 8 vouchers. In these areas, landlords cannot refuse to rent to you solely based on your participation in the Section 8 program.

Knowing these rules will help you navigate your search and ensure you’re not unfairly turned away because of your Section 8 status. Always check local regulations to confirm your rights.

Learn More About Section 8

Securing a safe and affordable home for your family is a huge step, and Section 8 provides a valuable resource to help you find the right fit. Whether you’re just beginning your application or navigating through the housing search, understanding how to use your Section 8 voucher is key to a smooth process. From finding the right unit to ensuring it meets HUD’s standards, the path to securing housing can be clearer when you have the right information.

For more in-depth information about the Section 8 program, including eligibility requirements, voucher use, and additional resources, download our Section 8 guide today. 

TANF

The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program is a vital resource for mothers striving to provide for their children while working toward financial independence. Funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), TANF offers financial aid and assistance to eligible families nationwide. 

Each state, U.S. territory, and tribe runs its own TANF program with unique benefits tailored to local needs, but the overall goal remains the same: to help families achieve self-sufficiency.

For mothers, TANF can provide the financial stability needed to stay in their homes while pursuing job training and educational opportunities. It can also offer assistance for childcare, helping working parents manage their responsibilities. The program’s main focus is empowering families to thrive without relying on long-term government support. Through job preparation and work assistance, TANF aims to help you build a future for yourself and your children.

The Four Goals of TANF

• Provide cash assistance to needy families to help them remain in their homes.
• End family dependence on benefits by encouraging job preparation and self-sufficiency.
• Reduce out-of-wedlock pregnancies by promoting responsible decision-making and family planning.
• Encourage the institution and maintenance of two-parent families, promoting stability and support.

Eligibility Requirements

To qualify for TANF, applicants must meet certain general eligibility guidelines. While the specifics may vary depending on your state, territory, or tribe, the following are the basic eligibility requirements for TANF assistance:

• Have a child 18 years or younger or be pregnant.
  • Children who are 19 years old and full-time students may still qualify for TANF benefits.
• Be unemployed, about to be unemployed, or severely underemployed.
• Be a U.S. citizen, legal immigrant, or permanent resident.
• Be considered low to very low income.

Eligibility for TANF is determined by various factors, with the most important being household income and family size. Since each TANF program is administered by individual states, territories, or tribes, requirements may differ slightly depending on where you live.

Income Requirement

TANF is available to families with incomes below a certain threshold, which varies based on where you live and how many people are in your household. As a general rule, you must have an income below 50% of the median household income in your area to qualify for TANF assistance.

Income limits are determined by:

• Cost of living in your area: The income limits are adjusted to reflect the economic conditions in your state, territory, or tribe.
• Number of household members: The larger your family, the higher the income limit may be.

Work Activity Requirement

Adult recipients of TANF cash benefits are required to participate in work activities as a condition of receiving aid. Work activities are defined by the federal government and designed to help individuals find and maintain employment. These activities can include:

• Unsubsidized employment (full or part-time)
• Subsidized private-sector employment (job placement programs)
• Subsidized public-sector employment (government-funded jobs)
• Work experience (for those in areas with limited employment opportunities)
• On-the-job training
• Job-search and job-readiness assistance
• Community service programs
• Vocational education training
• Child care services for those involved in community service programs
• Job skills training
• Education related to employment
• Attendance at a high school (if a minor)

For TANF eligibility, most states require a minimum of 20 hours per week for single parents and 30 hours per week for two-parent households.

Behavioral Requirements

Some states, territories, and tribes have additional behavioral requirements for TANF recipients. These can include:

• School attendance for school-age children.
• Medical immunizations for children.

If these requirements are not met, some states may limit or deny benefits. However, exemptions are possible if a child’s health or religious beliefs prevent them from meeting immunization requirements.

Asset Requirement

In addition to income, many TANF programs also consider assets when determining eligibility. Assets are anything of value that could be converted into cash. They are typically divided into two categories:

Liquid assets: Resources that are easily converted into cash, such as:

• Checking and savings accounts
• Stocks, bonds, and savings certificates

Non-liquid assets: Items that can be sold or otherwise converted into cash, such as:

• Vehicles
• Land
• Buildings or other property

Each TANF program office will evaluate your assets to determine eligibility. If your assets exceed a certain limit, you may be disqualified from receiving TANF cash assistance. The asset limits may vary depending on where you live.

With these requirements in mind, you can assess whether you and your family meet the eligibility criteria for TANF benefits in your area. Keep in mind that TANF programs across states may have specific variations in how these rules are implemented.

How to Apply for TANF

If you are interested in receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) benefits, you must apply through your state, territory, or tribe’s TANF program. The application process can vary depending on your location, but here’s an overview of what to expect:

Common Application Methods

The methods of applying for TANF benefits can differ by state, but you generally have several options to choose from:

• Online: Many states offer online applications through their official TANF websites.
• In-person: You can apply in person at a local TANF office.
• By mail: If you prefer, you may be able to mail your completed application.
• By fax: Some locations allow you to submit your application via fax.
• By email: Some areas accept applications submitted through email.

Steps in the Application Process

Once you’ve chosen your preferred application method, follow these steps to apply for TANF benefits:

1. Find your local TANF program: Depending on where you live, you must apply through your state, territory, or tribe’s specific TANF program.
2. Choose your application method: As mentioned above, select how you’d like to submit your application, whether online, in person, or via mail, fax, or email. Remember, acceptable application methods will vary by local TANF program.
3. Gather necessary documents: Ensure you have all required documentation ready.
4. Attend a TANF interview: Once your application is submitted, you must attend an in-person interview with a TANF program caseworker. This is a crucial part of the process where they will assess your eligibility.
5. Receive a decision: After the interview and review, your TANF program will notify you of your approval or denial within 60 days. If you are approved, you will begin receiving your benefits.

Information Needed for Your TANF Application

TANF applications require several types of information to ensure eligibility. Here’s a breakdown of what you’ll need to provide:

• Personal Information: You must provide your full name, date of birth, Social Security Number (SSN), citizenship status, phone number, and address.
• Household Information: List the personal details of everyone in your household, including their full names, dates of birth, SSNs, citizenship status, marital status, and their relationship to you.
• Income Details: Include your household’s annual income, the name and address of your employer, any income from public assistance programs, and income from self-employment or other sources.
• Assets and Resources: Information about your assets, such as your property, vehicles, and cash on hand, will also be required.
• Recurring Expenses: Make sure to list all monthly expenses, including rent or mortgage, child care, medical bills, credit card payments, transportation costs, and any other recurring bills.

Documents Needed for a TANF Application

Along with the application form, you must submit documentation to verify the information you’ve provided. Below is a list of documents typically required:

• Documents Verifying Personal Information:
  • Driver’s license
  • Birth certificate
  • U.S. or foreign passport
  • Immigration documents (Permanent Resident Card or Certificate of Naturalization)
• Documents Verifying State Residency:
  • Utility bills or another official piece of mail
  • Bank statements
  • Rent receipts
  • Tax receipts
  • Voter’s registration card

• Documents Verifying Proof of Income:
  • Recent pay stubs
  • Employment statement that includes income
  • Tax returns
  • Retirement, disability, or other benefit award letters
• Documents Verifying Assets:
  • Mortgage or lease documents
  • Vehicle purchase documents
• Documents Verifying Household Relationships:
  • Marriage license
  • Adoption papers
  • Birth certificate
  • Public health records
• Documents Verifying Disabilities:
  • Retirement, survivors, or disability insurance receipt
  • Statement from a medical professional
  • Copy of medical examination report

Make sure to gather all these documents before submitting your application. Providing accurate information will help ensure your application is processed smoothly. Your application could be denied if there are any errors or false information.

TANF Lifetime Limits and Extensions: What You Need to Know

The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program provides essential support for families in need, but there are lifetime limits on how long you can receive benefits. Once you’ve received the maximum amount of assistance, you won’t be eligible for TANF again unless you qualify for an extension.

Lifetime Limit on TANF Benefits

• Federal Limit: The standard federal lifetime limit for receiving TANF benefits is 60 months, or 5 years. This limit applies to everyone receiving TANF, regardless of where they live in the United States.
• State Variations: Some states set shorter time limits for TANF assistance, which means that even though the federal law allows for 60 months, in some states, TANF assistance is available for shorter periods.
• Non-Consecutive Months: The 60 months of benefits don’t have to be consecutive. You could receive TANF benefits over a period of time, spread out during different life stages.

TANF Benefits

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) provides essential financial support to help families cover their basic living expenses. However, there is no nationwide standard for the amount of TANF benefits you’ll receive.

TANF benefit amounts vary based on:

• Location: Each state, territory, and tribe has its own standards and policies for determining the amount of benefits an applicant will receive.
• Family Size: The number of children in your household plays a role in determining the benefit amount.
• Household Income: Your family’s total annual income is also a key factor in determining your eligibility and benefit level.

How Benefits Are Distributed

The method for distributing TANF benefits depends on where you live. There are several ways TANF cash assistance is provided to recipients:

• Paper Checks: Many locations still offer traditional paper checks to receive TANF benefits. Paper checks benefit families who may not have access to a bank account and prefer a physical record of their benefits.
• Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) Card: The EBT card is a widely used method for distributing TANF benefits. Recipients can use the EBT card just like a regular debit card to make purchases, and it can also be used to withdraw cash at ATMs. However, when the balance is zero, you must wait until the next month for the program to reload the card.
• Prepaid Card: Similar to a standard debit card, prepaid cards are also issued to TANF recipients. These cards can be used for purchases in stores and online. Prepaid cards tend to be accepted by a wider range of retailers than EBT cards and come with a PIN for security. However, they may carry additional fees, such as charges for ATM withdrawals.
• Direct Deposit: For those with bank accounts, TANF benefits can be directly deposited into the recipient’s account. These deposits typically happen once per month, and recipients can access their benefits via their personal debit cards, cash, or checks to cover necessary expenses.

What Can You Purchase With TANF Cash Benefits?

TANF benefits are intended to help families purchase essential items to meet basic needs. The items that are typically eligible for purchase with TANF benefits include:

• Food
• Clothing
• Personal care items
• Shelter
• Utilities
• Household goods

What Items Are Restricted for Purchase?

While TANF benefits can cover essential living expenses, there are restrictions on what they can be used for. Typically, TANF funds cannot be used to purchase items at the following types of businesses:

• Liquor stores
• Tattoo or body-piercing establishments
• Strip clubs
• Casinos
• Online gambling websites

Each state, territory, and tribe has the final say on what specific restrictions apply to TANF cash benefits. Penalties may be enforced if you violate the guidelines for what can be purchased.

Dive Deeper Into TANF

The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program offers crucial support to struggling families. Whether you need help paying for food, housing, or other necessities, TANF aims to give families the resources they need to achieve stability and self-sufficiency.

If you’re a mother needing support, remember that TANF provides more than just financial help—it can also connect you with services like job training, child care assistance, and work preparation programs. It’s designed to help you get back on your feet and build a better future for yourself and your children.

For a more in-depth look at TANF, we encourage you to check out our full TANF guide. This guide has more information on applying for TANF and making the most of the available resources. 

SNAP

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), known as Food Stamps, provides vital food assistance to needy families. Designed to help you put food on the table, SNAP is a federally-funded program administered by individual states. For mothers managing household budgets, SNAP offers a lifeline, helping you provide healthy meals for your children without worrying about stretching your income too thin.

How SNAP Works

SNAP is overseen by the federal government but administered through state agencies. To receive benefits, a representative from your household must complete a thorough application, providing personal and financial details about your family. This information helps determine eligibility for the program. 

After applying, the state will review your application and, if approved, provide you with monthly benefits via an Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) card, which can be used at participating stores to purchase approved food items.

Eligible Items Covered by SNAP

Most food items intended for human consumption are eligible for purchase with SNAP benefits. In addition to standard food items, products that might not be labeled as food, like water and ice, are also eligible.

Staple foods are the basic foods that make up a significant portion of a person’s diet. These include the following categories:

• Fruits and Vegetables: You can purchase fresh, canned, frozen, or dried fruits and vegetables. Items like apples, potatoes, leafy greens, and even fruit juices or applesauce are eligible if the first ingredient is fruit or vegetable.
• Meat, Poultry, and Fish: SNAP can be used for buying chicken, pork, beef, and fish. However, live animals are generally not eligible unless they are specifically intended for food consumption.
• Dairy Products: SNAP covers dairy items such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. It also includes plant-based dairy alternatives and infant formula.
• Breads, Cereals, Pastas, and Rice: You can buy fresh, frozen, dried, or packaged bread, cereal, pasta, and rice, all considered staple food varieties.
• Accessory Foods: These include snacks, desserts, beverages, and spices. Anything used to complement or supplement meals is also eligible.

• Seeds and Plants: Seeds or plants that can be used to grow food such as fruits and vegetables are eligible.
• Hunting and Fishing Equipment: In Alaska, households depending on hunting and fishing for food can use SNAP to buy fishing gear and hunting tools.
• Military Commissary Surcharges: Certain surcharges at military commissaries can be covered by SNAP benefits, allowing families to access goods at cost.

Non-Eligible Items Not Covered by SNAP

Several items are not eligible for purchase with SNAP benefits. These include prepared foods, live animals (with some exceptions), and a wide range of non-food items.

Prepared foods are hot or cold foods that are ready to eat and not intended for home preparation or consumption. Since they are presumed to be for immediate consumption, SNAP does not cover them.

Generally, live animals are ineligible for purchase with SNAP benefits, as they may be used as pets or livestock. However, there are some exceptions for food items:

• Shellfish: Lobster, crabs, clams, etc.
• Fish: Fish can be purchased live as long as they are removed from the water before leaving the seller’s premises.
• Other Animals: Some live animals, including birds, may be purchased as long as they are slaughtered before leaving the seller’s premises.

Here are other non-eligible items you cannot purchase with SNAP benefits:

• Alcohol and food products containing alcohol (except for cooking ingredients and extracts with alcohol)
• Paper products
• Tobacco and nicotine delivery products
• Medicine and dietary supplements
• Soaps and toiletry items
• Cleaning supplies
• Pet food
• Firearms, munitions, and explosives
• Gardening supplies
• Cooking utensils and equipment for food preservation
• Gasoline
• Clothing
• Hardware
• Items not intended for human consumption
• Fees set by private retailers, like delivery fees or grocery bag fees

These restrictions are in place to ensure that SNAP benefits are used to purchase food intended for human consumption. Always check the eligibility requirements in your state or territory for further clarification on what can and cannot be purchased with SNAP benefits.

Eligibility Requirements

To be eligible for SNAP benefits, applicants must meet certain qualifications that assess personal and financial factors. While SNAP is regulated on a state level, national standards review and influence eligibility.

State Residency and Citizenship

To receive SNAP benefits, you must meet the following residency and citizenship requirements:

• U.S. Citizens: Only U.S. citizens or individuals with eligible residency status can apply for SNAP benefits.
• State Residency: You must be a resident of the state where you apply for SNAP. If you move to a new state, you must close your current SNAP account and reapply in your new state of residence.
• Non-Citizen Eligibility:
  • Lawful Permanent Residents (LPRs): Non-citizens who meet specific work or income requirements may be eligible.
  • Five-Year Rule: Non-citizens must typically wait five years before collecting SNAP benefits, but exceptions exist. Certain groups, such as children under 18, refugees, asylees, and veterans, may qualify immediately or before the five-year waiting period.

Income Requirement

Income is a major factor in determining your eligibility for SNAP benefits. You must meet both the gross and net income limits the program sets. These limits vary depending on your household size, and you do not need to factor in additional government assistance when calculating income.

• Gross Income: The total amount of money your household earns before any deductions.
• Net Income: The amount after taxes and allowable deductions.
• Eligibility for Elderly or Disabled: Households with elderly or disabled members are only required to meet net income requirements.
• Income Eligibility for Native Americans: Native Americans from federally recognized tribal nations must meet the state’s income eligibility requirements where their tribe is located.

Resource Limits

There are limits on the total resources your household can have to qualify for SNAP:

• General Limit: Households can have up to $3,000* in countable resources.
• Limit for Elderly or Disabled Households: Households with a member who is 60 or older or disabled can have up to $4,500* in countable resources.

*These limits are valid through September 30, 2025.

Work Requirement 

If you are between the ages of 18 and 59, you must generally meet certain work requirements to qualify for SNAP benefits. These requirements are designed to help individuals become self-sufficient, and they include registration for work and ensuring that you meet the following conditions:

• Work 80 hours per month
• Participate in a work program for 80 hours per month
• Combine work and work program participation to total 80 hours per month
• Participate in a workfare program for a set number of hours, depending on your SNAP allotment.

If you are required to meet work requirements, you must register for work through your state’s online portal and cannot quit your job or reduce your hours below 30 hours per week.

Who is Exempt from Work Requirements?

You may be exempt from work requirements if you meet any of the following:

• You are a caregiver for a child under 6 years of age or for a person who is incapacitated.
• You are physically or mentally unfit for work.
• You regularly participate in a drug or alcohol treatment program.
• You are a student enrolled in a college or training program at least part-time.

Reporting Household Changes for SNAP

Your SNAP eligibility can change if certain factors about your household change. It’s important to report changes in your household as soon as they occur, as failure to do so can result in the need to repay any benefits you were not eligible for. 

Depending on the guidelines provided by your state SNAP office, you may be required to report changes on a monthly, quarterly, or bi-annual basis, or only when a change occurs.

Here are the main types of changes that must be reported:

• Income or Assets: You must report any changes in your household’s income (both earned and unearned). This includes when a household member starts or leaves a job or gets or loses access to any funds.
• Address: If your household moves to a new address, you must report your new location to the SNAP office. In addition, you must also notify them if there are any changes in your rent or utility costs, as these can affect your eligibility.
• Family Size: Report any changes in the number of people living in your household. This includes when someone moves into or out of your home, when a child is born, when someone dies, or when someone gets married or divorced.

By keeping your SNAP office updated on these changes, you ensure that your household continues to receive the correct benefit amount and avoids the risk of overpayment or penalties.

How to Apply for SNAP

If you need food assistance, applying for SNAP (Food Stamps) as soon as possible is crucial. There’s no waiting period to begin receiving food stamps, but your application will take time to process. The sooner you apply, the sooner you can start receiving benefits to help you and your family.

Application Methods

Depending on your state’s regulations, SNAP applications can be submitted through various methods, such as:

• Online: Many states allow you to apply through their website or a state-specific portal.
• By Mail: You may also be able to download an application, fill it out, and mail it to your local SNAP office.
• In-Person: Some states may require or allow you to apply in person at your local SNAP office.

Required Documents

When applying for SNAP, you must provide various documents and details about your household and personal circumstances. These documents help prove your food assistance eligibility and ensure you receive the correct benefit amount.

You’ll typically be asked to provide at least one document for the following categories:

Proof of Identity:

• Driver’s license or State ID card
• School ID
• Birth certificate
• Medical insurance ID card
• Voter’s registration card

Proof of Citizenship/Permanent Residency Status:

• Birth certificate
• Naturalization certificate
• Permanent resident card (Green Card)
• Employment authorization card
• U.S. passport
• Other official USCIS documentation

Proof of Residency:

• Utility bills (electricity, water, gas)
• Library card with address
• Rent or mortgage receipts with the address
• Official correspondence sent to your address

Proof of Earned and Unearned Income:

• Recent paycheck stubs
• Employer statement
• Social Security, SSI, or Veterans Benefits documents
• Unemployment compensation
• Child support and alimony documents
• Self-employment income documents

Proof of Medical Expenses (If applicable):

• Medical bills and receipts for payment
• Prescription medications or health insurance premiums
• Transportation and lodging expenses for medical appointments
• Invoices for medical equipment

Proof of Other Expenses:

• Rent or mortgage payments
• Property insurance or property tax records
• Child care expenses
• Dependent care documentation

Proof of Resources:

• Bank statements or savings account books
• Copies of securities, bonds, or stocks
• Real estate deed or property appraisal

Before submitting your application, check with your state’s SNAP office, as they may accept other specific documents or require additional information to complete the application process.

By gathering these documents in advance, you can ensure a smoother and faster application process, helping you get the assistance you need to support your family’s nutrition.

Understanding EBT Cards

If your application is accepted for SNAP, you’ll receive your benefits through an Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) card. The EBT card functions like a debit card, but it’s specifically for food purchases. Here’s some key information:

• Monthly Benefits: Your SNAP benefits are automatically loaded onto the EBT card each month.
• Using the Card: When you shop, simply swipe your EBT card at checkout, just like you would with any debit or credit card.
• PIN for Security: To ensure your security, you’ll be required to set up a PIN (Personal Identification Number) to use the card. Always keep your PIN confidential to prevent unauthorized use.

The EBT card can be used at a wide variety of stores, including:

• Grocery stores
• Farmers’ markets
• Convenience stores

Look for the EBT logo at participating retailers, or ask the cashier if they accept SNAP payments. The EBT card is a convenient, secure way to manage your monthly SNAP benefits, helping you shop for the nutritious food your family needs. For more details on how to use the EBT card, check out our full guide.

More Information About SNAP

As a mom, trying to balance everything can be overwhelming, especially when it comes to feeding your family. Now that you understand how SNAP can help, it’s time to explore the program further.

This section has covered the basics, but consider checking out our full guide for a deeper dive into SNAP. We’ve made it easy to understand so you can focus on what really matters—nourishing your family.

LIHEAP

As a mother, managing household expenses while keeping your family safe and comfortable can be challenging. When the weather turns cold, or the heat gets unbearable, the last thing you want to worry about is how to pay your energy bills. This is where LIHEAP, or the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, steps in.

LIHEAP is a federal program designed to help low-income families pay their heating and cooling bills. Whether it’s keeping your home warm in the winter or cool in the summer, this assistance can relieve some of that financial burden. 

LIHEAP offers both emergency and non-emergency assistance, and in some cases, can even help make your home more energy-efficient through its Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP). Let’s dive into how LIHEAP works and how it can help make life a little easier for you and your family.

Eligibility Requirements

Applicants must meet specific criteria to qualify for the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP). The requirements can vary based on where you live but generally include the following:

• Income Limit: LIHEAP primarily considers household income when determining eligibility. The income limit is typically set at 150% of the federal poverty level (FPL), although in some areas, it could be higher if 60% of the median income for that area exceeds the FPL. The exact income limits will also depend on your household size and the cost of living in your area.
• Residency: You must reside in the state, territory, or tribe where you apply for assistance. Each region has its own application process and specific guidelines.
• Citizenship: To qualify for LIHEAP, applicants must be U.S. citizens or eligible non-citizens. Qualified nonresidents eligible for LIHEAP include:

• Lawful permanent residents (green card holders)
• Refugees
• Asylees
• Individuals paroled into the U.S. for at least one year
• Individuals whose deportation has been withheld
• Individuals granted conditional entry
• Battered nonresidents, their spouses, children, or parents
• Asset Limit (in some areas): Some states and territories impose an asset limit, meaning that the total value of your household’s assets may affect your eligibility. This could include savings, vehicles, and other resources. Assets that may be considered include: 

• Cash
• Checking and savings accounts
• Stocks
• Bonds
• IRAs
• 401ks
• Additional property, like vacation homes and investment properties

Categorical Eligibility

In some cases, if you already receive other forms of government assistance, such as Medicaid or Supplemental Security Income (SSI), you may automatically qualify for LIHEAP benefits. This is known as “categorical” eligibility and can make the application process easier.

Remember that while the general guidelines remain consistent, the specific details of LIHEAP eligibility vary by location. It’s important to check with your state or territory to ensure you meet all the requirements.

LIHEAP Benefits

LIHEAP offers two types of benefits to eligible households:

• Standard Energy Assistance
• Emergency Energy Assistance

The amount and type of benefits you can receive depend on various factors, including:

• Household size
• House type
• Energy costs
• Climate or region
• Individual bill amounts
• Energy needs and burden

Regular Energy Assistance

This assistance is designed to help households pay for heating or cooling costs. The benefit is a one-time payment made directly to the utility company.

• It doesn’t cover the entire utility bill, just a portion based on the household’s specific needs.
• For households in colder climates, it usually goes toward heating bills during colder months.

Emergency Energy Assistance

Also known as crisis assistance, this benefit is provided when households face immediate energy emergencies. You may qualify for this assistance if you are:

• About to have your utilities disconnected
• At risk of running out of fuel
• Experiencing a shut-off of utilities
• Affected by a natural disaster
• Dealing with broken heating or cooling equipment

Eligibility for emergency assistance is determined by the specific rules in your location.

How Will I Receive LIHEAP Benefits?

Once your LIHEAP application is approved, the benefits are sent directly to your utility provider to help with your energy bills. Typically, this assistance is applied to heating or cooling costs. However, if you live in a rental home or apartment where heating is included in your rent, the benefits may be paid directly to your landlord instead of the utility company.

LIHEAP benefits are typically provided once every 12 months unless you qualify for emergency assistance. After your application is approved, the benefits will be issued within 45 days.

How to Apply for LIHEAP

To apply for LIHEAP benefits, you’ll need to submit your application to the appropriate agency in your state, U.S. territory, or tribal council. Depending on where you live, you can apply in various ways, including online, by phone, in person, by mail, by fax, or via email. Most locations have community action agencies (CAAs) that oversee the application process.

Information Needed to Apply for LIHEAP

When you apply for LIHEAP, you must provide detailed information to determine your eligibility. The exact requirements can vary depending on where you live, but generally, you’ll be asked to provide:

• Personal Information: Full names, dates of birth, and Social Security numbers (if applicable) for all household members.
• Income Information: The salary and wages for everyone in your household. You’ll need to report all sources of income for all household members.
• Utility Information: Information about the type of fuel you use and a copy of your most recent utility bill or statement. This helps determine the assistance amount and which energy expenses are eligible.
• Citizenship and Residency Information: At least one member of your household must be a U.S. citizen or legal non-resident. Be prepared to provide the necessary documents to prove your status.

Documents Needed to Apply for LIHEAP

To verify your eligibility and the information you provide, you’ll likely need to submit the following documents:

• Documents Verifying Personal Information and Identity:
  • Driver’s license
  • State-issued ID
  • Student ID (if applicable)
  • Social Security card
  • Birth certificate
• Documents Verifying Income:
  • Recent pay stubs
  • Bank statements
  • Tax returns
  • Employer letter
  • W-2 or 1099 forms
• Documents Verifying Utility Information:
  • Current utility bill
  • Past due statement or notice of disconnection
  • Notice of imminent shutoff
  • Copy of rental agreement (if rent includes utilities, include a statement showing the rent amount and landlord’s contact info)
• Documents Verifying Citizenship and Residency:
  • Birth certificate
  • U.S. passport
  • Social Security card
  • Permanent resident card (green card)
  • Certificate of Naturalization
  • Lease agreement, mortgage documents, utility bills, or property tax documents to verify residency

Make sure to gather these documents in advance to help ensure a smooth application process.

Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP)

The Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) is designed to help low-income families lower their energy costs by making their homes more energy-efficient. By improving your home’s insulation and energy systems, WAP reduces heating and cooling expenses, enhances safety, and promotes better health within the household. Best of all, the program offers these improvements for free to eligible families.

What Services Qualify as Weatherization?

Weatherization encompasses a wide range of services that improve the energy efficiency of your home. Here are the types of upgrades provided through the program:

• Insulating Your Home: Installing insulation in attics, walls, basements, and crawlspaces.
• Heating and Cooling System Improvements:
  • Performing safety tests on heating and cooling systems.
  • Cleaning, repairing, or replacing heating or cooling systems to improve efficiency.
• Sealing Drafts: Sealing windows and doors to prevent drafts and energy loss.
• Water Heating Upgrades:
  • Repairing or replacing water heaters.
  • Installing water heater insulation to reduce heat loss.
• Water Conservation Measures: Installing low-flow showerheads to reduce water use and save on energy.
• Window and Door Replacements: Replacing old, inefficient windows and doors with energy-efficient alternatives.
• Safety Improvements: Installing smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors to improve home safety.
• Structural and Appliance Repairs:
  • Repairing leaks in ceilings, floors, or pipes to prevent water waste.
  • Installing energy-efficient appliances.
• Energy-Efficient Lighting: Replacing old light bulbs with energy-efficient LED bulbs.
• Solar and Sustainable Options:
  • Installing solar water heating systems to reduce electricity costs.
  • Insulating pipes and installing window film or awnings to block the sun.
• Air Quality and Ventilation: Installing ventilation systems to improve air quality and reduce moisture or mold issues.

How the Process Works

In partnership with WAP, local professionals conduct a thorough energy audit of your home to assess which improvements are necessary. Based on this audit, they will recommend and implement specific upgrades to enhance your home’s energy efficiency.

By participating in WAP, you can lower your monthly utility bills, enjoy a more comfortable home, and contribute to a healthier environment—all at no cost to you.

Eligibility Requirements

Eligibility for the Weatherization Assistance Program is primarily based on household income, but other factors may be taken into account. Here’s what you need to know:

• Income Requirements: Families with incomes at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL) are generally eligible. Some states use 60 percent of the state’s median annual income instead.
• Priority Groups: Priority is given to households that meet one of the following criteria:
  • Elderly residents (60 years of age or older)
  • Residents with disabilities
  • Households with young children

Automatic WAP Eligibility

If you participate in certain public assistance programs, you may automatically qualify for weatherization services. These programs include:

• Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
• Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
• Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Disability benefits

How to Apply for WAP

Applying for the Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) involves simple steps, though the process may differ slightly based on your location.

• Find Your Local Weatherization Provider: Each state, territory, and tribal organization has a list of approved weatherization providers.
• Contact Your Local Provider: Once you’ve identified your local provider, you need to apply directly with them. The application process typically requires you to submit documents to verify your household’s eligibility, such as:
  • Pay stubs
  • Bank statements
  • W-2 forms
  • Social Security payment records

By following these steps, you’ll be on your way to receiving valuable weatherization services that can help reduce your home’s energy costs and improve your living conditions.

Tips for Getting the Support You Need with LIHEAP and WAP

The Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) and the Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) offer invaluable support to families struggling with high utility bills and inefficient homes. Whether you need help paying your heating and cooling bills or want to improve your home’s energy efficiency, these programs provide essential services leading to long-term savings and a more comfortable living environment.

For more detailed information on LIHEAP and WAP, including eligibility, application processes, and other available benefits, please refer to our LIHEAP Guide. Our guide can walk you through what you should know so you can learn how to apply and maximize these programs’ benefits.

Free School Meal Programs

As a mother, one of your top priorities is making sure your children are well-nourished, but it can be tough to keep up with grocery bills while juggling everything else. The good news is that free and reduced-price school meal programs can ease some of that burden. These programs are designed to provide nutritious meals to children from families with low incomes, ensuring they get the food they need to succeed in school and stay healthy.

Whether your kids need breakfast or lunch, these programs can help fill the gap, especially during tough financial times. They are available in many schools nationwide and are often supported by state and federal government resources. If you’re a mother needing assistance, there may be opportunities to access these programs to ensure your kids are well-fed without stretching your budget too thin.

National School Lunch Program (NSLP)

The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is a vital federal initiative designed to provide low-cost or free, nutritionally balanced lunches to children in public and nonprofit schools across the country.

Eligible families can receive either free or reduced-price lunches, depending on their income level and household size. To qualify, families must meet certain income guidelines, which vary based on location. For example, families with an income at or below 130% of the poverty line generally qualify for free meals, while those with an income at or below 185% may qualify for reduced-price meals.

The NSLP menu includes a variety of nutritious foods like fruits, vegetables, grains, and protein-rich entrees, all designed to help children meet their daily nutritional needs. Meals often include options like sandwiches, salads, wraps, yogurt parfaits, and other grab-and-go meals that are both healthy and easy for kids to enjoy. Some schools may even offer snacks to qualifying students.

To find out if your school participates in the NSLP and if your family is eligible, contact your local school district or state education agency. They can provide the latest income limits and help you apply for the program. Additionally, in some areas, the program offers free breakfast options, and it may also extend to after-school programs or childcare centers.

The NSLP is a powerful resource for helping families provide nutritious meals for their children without stretching the family budget too thin.

School Breakfast Program (SBP)

The School Breakfast Program (SBP) helps children get a healthy start to their school day with a nutritious breakfast. Established in 1966, the program provides low-cost or free meals to kids in public and nonprofit private schools. The USDA runs this program, and it is available in all 50 states.

The SBP aims to give children the nutrition they need to stay focused and energized for school. Meals follow USDA guidelines to ensure they are balanced and culturally respectful. Some common breakfast options include:

• Cereal
• Yogurt parfaits
• Oatmeal
• Omelets on toast
• French toast sticks

Your family’s income must meet certain limits to qualify for free or reduced-price breakfast. Families with incomes at or below 130% of the poverty line may qualify for free breakfast, while those at or below 185% may qualify for a reduced-price meal.

Some students don’t need to meet income requirements to qualify for free meals. These include students who are:

• Homeless
• Runaways
• In foster care
• Receiving certain public assistance, like SNAP (food stamps), TANF (welfare), or WIC (Women, Infants, and Children program)

If you think your family may qualify for the School Breakfast Program, contact your local school district or state education agency to learn about eligibility and how to apply.

The BackPack Program

The BackPack Program helps fight food insecurity by providing children with nutritious meals to take home when they may not have access to regular meals, especially over weekends and school holidays. This initiative aims to help children who are struggling with hunger due to poverty or difficult circumstances.

Participating schools and community centers receive backpacks filled with child-friendly, balanced meals. Some common items included are:

• Ready-to-eat cereal
• Canned fruits and vegetables
• Soups
• Peanut butter
• Snacks
• Juice boxes

In addition to food, the BackPack Program encourages healthy eating by providing recipes along with the meals. Local organizations and businesses often partner with schools to support the program. Available in all 50 states, the program distributes nearly 18 million backpacks annually.

Eligibility requirements for the BackPack Program vary by location but are usually based on income and participation in other federal assistance programs, like the School Breakfast Program (SBP). Contact your local school or community center to learn more about eligibility.

School Pantry Program

The School Pantry Program helps families in need by providing extra food supplies and ensuring they can access healthy meals, especially during difficult times. This initiative is designed to combat food insecurity and offer support to families who may be struggling.

Participating schools set up pantries stocked with nutritious food items for families. Some common items include:

• Canned fruits and vegetables
• Packaged grains
• Protein-packed snacks
• Shelf-stable milk
• Fresh produce

These pantries are typically available to families with children enrolled at the participating school or nearby schools within the district.

In addition to food, some School Pantry Programs also offer nutrition education workshops to help families learn about healthy eating and how to make the most of available resources. Contact your local school district or state education agency to learn more about the School Pantry Program in your area.

Free Daycare Programs That Can Help Support Your Family

As a mom, balancing work, family, and everything in between can feel overwhelming — especially when it comes to finding affordable daycare. Childcare expenses can quickly add up, leaving many families struggling to make ends meet while providing the care and schooling their children need.

Thankfully, there are free or low-cost daycare options available for families who qualify. These programs are designed to help working parents afford safe and reliable care while they focus on their jobs or other responsibilities. 

Head Start Program

Head Start, established in 1965, is a comprehensive federal initiative aimed at providing early childhood education and a range of other services to low-income children and families across the U.S. This program, administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, serves children from prenatal stages up until they turn five years old.

Head Start fosters physical, mental, and emotional development through various services designed to give children the best start in life. These include health care, nutrition, social-emotional learning, and a robust early education curriculum. Moreover, Head Start encourages active family involvement to create a supportive learning environment both at home and in the community. Some of the benefits included in the Head Start program are:

• Early Childhood Education: High-quality preschool education to prepare children for school success.
• Health & Nutrition: Comprehensive health screenings and access to healthy meals for children and pregnant women.
• Family Support Services: Offering parenting guidance, job training programs, and assistance with housing or healthcare referrals.
• Educational Resources: Including books, toys, games, and even computers to enrich the learning experience.
• Social Services: Programs designed to support families, including financial assistance for childcare costs related to employment or education.

Head Start is free or low-cost, depending on your family’s income level. If you are a mother looking for quality care and educational services for your young children, Head Start can be a valuable resource. Focusing on child and family well-being, this program provides much-needed support during the critical early years.

To find a Head Start program near you, use the Head Start Center Locator Tool provided by the Administration for Children and Families here: (https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/center-locator) or contact your local Department of Social Services (DSS) for more information.

Early Head Start Program

The Early Head Start Program is designed to support low-income families with children from birth to three years old, providing essential services to promote children’s healthy development during their critical early years. Administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Early Head Start focuses on physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and language development through various specialized services. Key services of the Early Head Start program include:

• Home Visits: Trained educators visit families in their homes to support early childhood development.
• Mental Health Support: Access to mental health consultants who help families address any emotional or developmental challenges.
• Health Care Services: Comprehensive health screenings and access to preventive health care.
• Nutrition Counseling & Food Assistance: Support ensuring that children receive healthy, nutritious meals and guidance for needy families.
• Parent Involvement Activities: Encouragement and opportunities for parents to actively engage in their child’s learning and development.
• Family Support Initiatives: Resources to help families with social services, including job training, housing assistance, and other vital support.

Eligibility for the Early Head Start Program is based on income, with families needing to meet the federal poverty level guidelines. This program ensures that low-income families receive the necessary support during the most formative years of their children’s lives, setting the stage for success in school and beyond.

To find an Early Head Start Program near you, use the Head Start Center Locator Tool (https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/center-locator) or contact your local Department of Social Services for further assistance.

Child Care Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS): Support for Parents Pursuing Education

The Child Care Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS) program provides critical support to parents attending college or university while juggling childcare responsibilities. This program helps alleviate the financial burden of childcare by offering grants to schools, which then provide free or reduced-cost childcare services for student-parents. Here’s a look at some of the key features of the program:

• On-Campus Childcare: Many participating colleges and universities provide childcare services directly on campus, making it easier for parents to attend classes without worrying about finding care elsewhere.
• Flexible Care Options: Some schools offer before-school and after-school care to accommodate student-parents’ schedules.
• Income-Based Eligibility: Parents typically need proof of low income to participate in the CCAMPIS program. Those who qualify for a Federal Pell Grant are often eligible for childcare assistance, as both programs share similar income thresholds.

This program is an excellent resource for low-income parents who want to further their education but need help with childcare costs. If you’re a parent interested in CCAMPIS, contact your prospective college’s registrar’s office to find out if they offer the program and to learn about the application process.

Half or Full-Day Kindergarten Programs: Early Education Options for Your Child

Kindergarten is an exciting milestone in a child’s educational journey. Whether you choose half-day or full-day kindergarten, these programs are designed to provide a solid foundation in academics and social skills, preparing your child for future academic success. Here’s a look at the difference between half and full-day kindergartens:

• Half-Day Kindergarten: This option typically runs for a few hours in the morning or afternoon, offering a balanced introduction to academics, socializing, and learning. It is often preferred by families who may need a shorter school day or have younger children who benefit from a more gradual transition into school.
• Full-Day Kindergarten: With a full-day program, children attend school for a complete day, similar to elementary school hours. This option is ideal for families who want their children to receive more in-depth instruction and support, as it allows more time for subjects like language arts, math, science, and social studies.

Contact your local school district to find available kindergarten programs in your area. They can provide you with a list of programs, explain enrollment procedures, and clarify any associated costs. Many school districts use a lottery system to determine which children are accepted if there are limited spaces.

Both half and full-day kindergarten programs offer valuable educational experiences, so consider what works best for your child’s developmental needs and your family’s schedule.